{"id":21051,"date":"2022-12-04T15:54:53","date_gmt":"2022-12-04T14:54:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.girgea.org\/qui-sommes-nous\/"},"modified":"2022-12-04T15:56:54","modified_gmt":"2022-12-04T14:56:54","slug":"who-are-we","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.girgea.org\/en\/who-are-we\/","title":{"rendered":"Who are we ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"21051\" class=\"elementor elementor-21051 elementor-45\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a8cbfe e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2a8cbfe\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div data-dce-background-image-url=\"https:\/\/www.girgea.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/nos-ecoles-02.jpg\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7eb75bc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7eb75bc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75fade5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"75fade5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-dce-background-color=\"#FFFFFFE0\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69f47b6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"69f47b6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-379e320 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"379e320\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Qu\u2019est-ce que le Girg\u00e9a ?<\/strong><br \/>Groupe de Recherche en G\u00e9ophysique Europe Afrique<br \/>Le GIRGEA a pour but de d\u00e9velopper la physique de l\u2019Espace dans les pays en voie de d\u00e9veloppement dans le cadre du projet \u2018United Nations for Basic Space Science Initiative\u2019 . Actuellement le th\u00e8me principal des recherches est la M\u00e9t\u00e9orologie de l\u2019Espace.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c435b12 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c435b12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d292af elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"4d292af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8789fa elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e8789fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"90\" src=\"https:\/\/www.girgea.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/logo-girgea.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-21164\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22295ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"22295ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">PROJET AIEE - GIRGEA<br>Ann\u00e9e Internationale de l'\u00c9lectrojet \u00c9quatorial<br>Groupe International de Recherche en G\u00e9ophysique Europe Afrique<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a0523ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"a0523ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e9151c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e9151c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>A. Les Grandes \u00e9tapes<\/h2>\n<p><strong>1990<\/strong><br \/>Septembre 1990 :<br \/>Mise en place du comit\u00e9 national AIEE<br \/>Recherche des cr\u00e9dits<\/p>\n<p><strong>1991<\/strong><br \/>Juillet 1991 :<br \/>Mission exploratoire \u00e0 Abidjan<br \/>Septembre 1991 :<br \/>Demande d\u2019op\u00e9ration CAMPUS : 1 MF obtenu<\/p>\n<p><strong>1992<\/strong><br \/>1er semestre 1992<br \/>Construction de la composante Z<br \/>Achat de l\u2019ionosonde<br \/>2 \u00e8me semestre 1992 :<br \/>Mise en place de l\u2019ionosonde \u00e0 Korhogo<br \/>Mise en place de la chaine magn\u00e9to Tellurique<br \/>Avril-mai<br \/>6 semaines de formation en France pour 5 \u00e9tudiants de C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire<br \/>DE NOVEMBRE 1992 A NOVEMBRE 1994 :<br \/>Exp\u00e9rience Terrain<\/p>\n<p><strong>1993<\/strong><br \/>Organisation de la session 7.1 ICDC (Interdivisionnal Commission for<br \/>Developing Countries) du IAGA (International Association for Geomagnetism and Aeronomy) \u00e0 Buenos Aires en Argentine<br \/>Premier article organisation du projet paru dans une revue Br\u00e9silienne<br \/>Exp\u00e9rience terrain<br \/>Ann\u00e9e 1994 :<br \/>D\u00e9but des mesures de l\u2019Interf\u00e9rom\u00e8tre de UCL<br \/>Fin de l\u2019experience terrain AIEE<\/p>\n<p><strong>1995<\/strong><br \/>Cr\u00e9ation du GIRGEA<br \/>\u00c9cole de g\u00e9ophysique \u00e0 Abidjan<br \/>Cr\u00e9dit (2MF) pour le radar du LETTI<br \/>R\u00e9solution du IAGA pour encourager les \u00e9tudes<br \/>Organisation de la session 7.1 de l&#8217;ICDC au IAGA session \u00e0 Boulder<\/p>\n<p><strong>1996<\/strong><br \/>Mise en place d\u2019une station magn\u00e9tique (ORSTOM)<br \/>D\u00e9pouillement et analyse des donn\u00e9es<br \/>Financement de l&#8217;ionosonde SCIPION -&gt; (350 KF pour le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal du Minist\u00e8re de la coop\u00e9ration, d\u00e9partement t\u00e9l\u00e9communications), campagne de mesures \u00e0 Dakar<br \/>Catalogue de la base de donn\u00e9es internationale AIEE (3 secteurs de longitude)<\/p>\n<p><strong>1997<\/strong><br \/>Th\u00e8se de J-F. C\u00e9cile, le 21 avril 1997 \u00e0 Toulon (France)<br \/>Prix de l&#8217;excellence remis \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e9quipe GIRGEA d&#8217;Abidjan en ao\u00fbt 1997<br \/>Journ\u00e9es Ivoiriennes de Physique du 3 au 5 d\u00e9cembre 1997<br \/>Th\u00e8se de O. Obrou, Universit\u00e9 d&#8217;Abidjan, le 11 d\u00e9cembre 1997<br \/>Organisation de la session 7.1 du IAGA, Uppsala, Su\u00e8de par A. Onwumechili (Nig\u00e9ria) et C. Amory-Mazaudier (GIRGEA France)<\/p>\n<p><strong>1998<\/strong><br \/>Articles dans une issue sp\u00e9ciale de Annales Geophysicae<br \/>Mise en place d&#8217;un r\u00e9seau de 3 magn\u00e9tom\u00e8tres pour accompagner le satellite OERSTED<br \/>Travaux de th\u00e8ses (7 th\u00e8ses en cours)<\/p>\n<p><strong>1999<\/strong><br \/>Envoi du radar du LETTI \u00e0 Korhogo<br \/>Th\u00e8se de 3\u00e8me cycle de M . Sow le 13 novembre<br \/>Th\u00e8se de Thomas Farges (Prix) ?<br \/>Lancement du satellite OERSTED<br \/>Mise en place du radar SCIPION<br \/>Organisation session 7.1 du IAGA \u00e0 Birmimgham par M. Barreto (Br\u00e9sil) et V. Doumouya (GIRGEA C\u00f4te d&#8217;Ivoire)<br \/>Participation \u00e0 l&#8217;atelier de travail du projet EPIC (Equatorial Processes Including Coupling) de A. Kob\u00e9a (GIRGEA C\u00f4te d&#8217;Ivoire).<\/p>\n<p><strong>2000<\/strong><br \/>Travaux de recherches<\/p>\n<p><strong>2001<\/strong><br \/>Th\u00e8se d&#8217;\u00c9tat de A. Kob\u00e9a Toka, le 31 mars<\/p>\n<p><strong>2002<\/strong><br \/>Pr\u00e9paration issue sp\u00e9ciale JASTP<br \/>Th\u00e8ses \u00e0 passer<br \/>\u00c9tienne Houngninou -&gt; th\u00e8se d&#8217;\u00c9tat<br \/>Kouadio Boka -&gt; th\u00e8se d&#8217;Universit\u00e9<br \/>Deux GIRGEA : GIRGE- Afrique -&gt; GIRGE- Asie<\/p>\n<p><strong>2003<\/strong><br \/>Le Vietnam entre dans le GIRGEA<br \/>Projet de coop\u00e9ration France Vietnam de 2006 \u00e0 2008,<\/p>\n<p><strong>2005-2009<\/strong><br \/>Le GIRGEA pr\u00e9pare et participe au projet IHY (International Heliophysical Year) en AfriqueEn 2009 : Le Congo Brazzaville rejoint le GIRGEAEcole \u00e0 Brazzaville sur les GPS et Syst\u00e8mes d\u2019Information G\u00e9ographique (SIG) du 2 au 11 d\u00e9cembre 2009<\/p>\n<p><strong>2010-2017<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Le GIRGEA participe au projet ISWI : International Space Weather Initiative et multiplie les \u00e9coles<\/p>\n<p>Ecole \u00e0 Helwan\/ Egypte 2010<br \/>\u00c9cole de M\u00e9t\u00e9orologie de l\u2019Espace du 19 septembre au 3 octobre<\/p>\n<p>Ecole \u00e0 Rabat\u00a0\/Maroc en 2011<br \/>\u00c9cole de M\u00e9t\u00e9orologie de l\u2019Espace du 5 au 16 d\u00e9cembre<\/p>\n<p>Ecole \u00e0 Kinshasa\/RDC en 2011<br \/>\u00c9cole de M\u00e9t\u00e9orologie de l\u2019Espace du 11 au 24 septembre<\/p>\n<p>Ecole \u00e0 Alger en 2013<br \/>\u00c9cole de M\u00e9t\u00e9orologie de l\u2019Espace du 6 au 16 mai<\/p>\n<p>Ecole \u00e0 Marrakech \/ Maroc en 2014<br \/>\u00c9cole de M\u00e9t\u00e9orologie de l\u2019Espace du 5 au 10<\/p>\n<p>Ecole \u00e0 Rabat \/ Maroc en 2015<br \/>\u00c9cole de M\u00e9t\u00e9orologie de l\u2019Espace du 16 au 21 f\u00e9vrier<\/p>\n<p>Ecole \u00e0 Abidjan\/ C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire 2017<br \/>\u00c9cole de M\u00e9t\u00e9orologie de l\u2019Espace du 16 au 28 octobre<\/p>\n<p>D\u2019autres \u00e9coles plus particuli\u00e8rement d\u00e9di\u00e9es au GNSS ont \u00e9t\u00e9 organis\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole Mines t\u00e9l\u00e9coms ( 2012,2013,2014,2015,206,2017) et aussi \u00e0 Rabat dans l\u2019\u00e9cole r\u00e9gionale des Nations Unis (2011,2017)<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-83eb125 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"83eb125\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"960\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/www.girgea.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/figure.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-21162\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.girgea.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/figure.jpg 960w, https:\/\/www.girgea.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/figure-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.girgea.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/figure-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.girgea.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/figure-510x382.jpg 510w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bbaf057 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bbaf057\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>B. Bref historique<\/h2>\n<h3>1. Cadre International<\/h3>\n<p>C&#8217;est \u00e0 l&#8217;assembl\u00e9e de Vancouver de l&#8217;IAGA (International Association for<br \/>Geomagnetism and Aeronomy ), en 1987, que l&#8217; IDCDC (InterDivisionnal Commission for Developing Countries ) a propos\u00e9 \u00e0 la communaut\u00e9 scientifique internationale d&#8217;intensifier l&#8217;\u00e9tude de l&#8217;\u00e9lectrojet \u00e9quatorial dans le cadre d&#8217;un projet international : IEEY (International Equatorial Electrojet Year ), AIEE (Ann\u00e9e Internationale de l&#8217;Electrojet Equatorial).<br \/>Un grand nombre d&#8217;\u00e9quipes scientifiques ont manifest\u00e9 leur intention de participer \u00e0 l&#8217;AIEE, suivant leurs int\u00e9r\u00eats, soit au travers des campagnes de mesures soit par un effort accru de mod\u00e9lisation et d&#8217;analyse de l&#8217;\u00e9lectrojet \u00e9quatorial. Ce projet AIEE sera coordonn\u00e9 par un comit\u00e9 scientifique international qui permettra en outre d&#8217;assurer le lien avec les autres programmes internationaux WITS (World Ionosphere Thermosphere Study ), LTCS (Lower Thermospheric Coupling Study) et STEP (Solar Terrestrial Energy Program).<br \/>Pour l&#8217; ann\u00e9e internationale de l\u2019Electrojet Equatorial, des campagnes de mesures intensives en zone \u00e9quatoriale ont \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9es durant plus de 2 ans, de novembre 1992 \u00e0 d\u00e9cembre 1994.<br \/>Diff\u00e9rents documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9dig\u00e9s pour pr\u00e9senter les objectifs scientifiques et les activit\u00e9s \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper au niveau mondial ( IAGA News 28, March, 1990), puis dans les trois secteurs de longitude suivant lesquels ce projet a \u00e9t\u00e9 structur\u00e9.<br \/>secteur Inde : Working document on the indian contribution to the International Equatorial Electrojet Year;<br \/>secteur Afrique Europe : Proposition fran\u00e7aise de participation \u00e0 l\u2019Ann\u00e9e Internationale de l\u2019Electrojet Equatorial (Document CN\/AIEE\/1, d\u00e9cembre 1989 et document du Nigeria 1991);<br \/>secteur Am\u00e9riques : Brazilian participation in the International Equatorial Electrojet Year (1991).<\/p>\n<h3>2. Les objectifs scientifiques, les applications et la formation affich\u00e9s<\/h3>\n<p>La communaut\u00e9 g\u00e9ophysique s&#8217;\u00e9tait engag\u00e9e \u00e0 privil\u00e9gier 5 th\u00e8mes majeurs :<br \/>\u00c9tude de l&#8217;\u00e9lectrojet en tant que partie d&#8217;un circuit \u00e9lectrique global vent solaire\/magn\u00e9tosph\u00e8re\/ ionosph\u00e8re\/ atmosph\u00e8re\/ terre ,<br \/>\u00c9tude des courants telluriques et conductivit\u00e9s terrestres \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle r\u00e9gionale ,<br \/>Pr\u00e9vision ionosph\u00e9rique et mod\u00e9lisation de l&#8217;\u00e9lectrojet \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle r\u00e9gionale,<br \/>\u00c9tude des instabilit\u00e9s du plasma ionosph\u00e9rique \u00e9quatorial \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle locale,<br \/>Propagation des ondes radio.<br \/>La communaut\u00e9 g\u00e9ophysique doit d\u00e9velopper des applications pratiques li\u00e9es \u00e0 ce projet et qui touchent diff\u00e9rents secteurs :<br \/>am\u00e9lioration des radiocommunications entre 2 et 40 MHz environ,<br \/>t\u00e9l\u00e9d\u00e9tection : corrections ionosph\u00e9riques pour le traitement des donn\u00e9es,<br \/>connaissance des conductivit\u00e9s du sous-sol (sondages magn\u00e9totelluriques),<br \/>base de donn\u00e9es \/syst\u00e8me d\u2019information appliqu\u00e9 aux sciences de l\u2019environnement.<br \/>L&#8217;AIEE offrait une opportunit\u00e9 remarquable pour la collaboration avec les pays en voie de d\u00e9veloppement.<br \/>Les scientifiques participant au projet fran\u00e7ais ont encadr\u00e9 des \u00e9tudiants et form\u00e9 des techniciens pour assurer la mise en route, le fonctionnement et la maintenance des instruments implant\u00e9s en Afrique. Les \u00e9tudiants ont particip\u00e9 \u00e0 l&#8217;acquisition des donn\u00e9es \u00e0 la phase d&#8217;exploitation des r\u00e9sultats. Sept th\u00e8ses ont \u00e9t\u00e9 soutenues dans le cadre de ce groupe de recherche de 1995 \u00e0 2001.<\/p>\n<h3>3. Activit\u00e9s durant les ann\u00e9es 1992 \u00e0 2001<\/h3>\n<h4>3.1 Campagnes de mesures :<\/h4>\n<p>Des mesures continues des variations du champ magn\u00e9tique terrestre (r\u00e9seau de magn\u00e9tom\u00e8tres de l&#8217;ORSTOM, J. Vassal et M. Dukhan) et des param\u00e8tres de l&#8217;ionosph\u00e8re (r\u00e9seau d&#8217;ionosondes du CNET\/PAB\/PTI, J. Henry, R. Hanbaba) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 faites. Ces mesures ont \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivies jusqu&#8217;\u00e0 la fin de l&#8217;ann\u00e9e 1994.<\/p>\n<p>Le CEA\/LDG ( E. Blanc, T. Bourret, E. Houngninou, A. Lavedrine, B. Tissot, D. Raoux) a organis\u00e9 des campagnes de mesures de param\u00e8tres ionosph\u00e9riques sur le site de Korhogo de mars \u00e0 juillet 1993 et au cours des mois d&#8217;octobre et novembre 1994.<\/p>\n<p>L&#8217;IPGP (Y. Cohen) assure des mesures continues des variations du Champ magn\u00e9tique terrestre avec un r\u00e9seau de trois stations magn\u00e9tiques depuis 1998.<\/p>\n<p>UCL (D. Rees) a mis en place sur le site de Korhogo un interf\u00e9rom\u00e8tre qui a effectu\u00e9 des mesures de novembre 1994 \u00e0 mai 1995. Cet instrument est actuellement en cours de remise \u00e0 niveau.<\/p>\n<h4>3.2 \u00c9coles de g\u00e9ophysique dans le cadre du projet de 1992 \u00e0 1995 :<\/h4>\n<p>Deux \u00e9coles de formation \u00e0 la g\u00e9ophysique ont \u00e9t\u00e9 faites, \u00e0 Paris en avril et mai 1992 \u00e0 Abidjan en octobre 1995.<\/p>\n<h3>4. Base de donn\u00e9es &#8211; animation scientifique internationale :<\/h3>\n<p>Une base de donn\u00e9es a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9labor\u00e9e. L&#8217;organisation de la base de donn\u00e9es, la liste des personnes y participant et le catalogue de donn\u00e9es pour les 3 secteurs de longitude Afrique-Europe, Am\u00e9riques, Asie a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9 en 1996 (Amory-Mazaudier et al., 1996).<\/p>\n<p>Au niveau du secteur Afrique-Europe, l&#8217;organisation mise en place, ainsi que la lettre d&#8217;information (C. Amory-Mazaudier, J. Bouvet, P. Vila) diffus\u00e9e tous les 2 mois, puis tous les trimestres, ont permis la stimulation de l&#8217;ensemble des participants. Cette lettre d&#8217;information est envoy\u00e9e r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement depuis le mois de mai 1992.<\/p>\n<p>Au niveau international, le groupe fran\u00e7ais a assur\u00e9 (A. G. Onwumechili et C. Amory-Mazaudier), l&#8217;organisation de la session 7.1 du IAGA consacr\u00e9e au projet Ann\u00e9e Internationale de l&#8217;Electrojet Equatorial au cours des ann\u00e9es 1993 \u00e0 Buenos Aires (Argentine), 1995 \u00e0 Boulder (USA) et 1997 \u00e0 Uppsala (Su\u00e8de).<\/p>\n<h3>5. Cr\u00e9ation d&#8217;observatoires en Afrique de l&#8217;Ouest<\/h3>\n<p>Dans le cadre du projet AIEE , des instruments de mesure ont \u00e9t\u00e9 financ\u00e9s par le Minist\u00e8re des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, le CNET (Centre National d&#8217;Etude des T\u00e9l\u00e9communications), UCL (University College of London) et le CNES (Centre National d&#8217;Etudes Spatiales). Ces instruments ont permis la cr\u00e9ation d&#8217;observatoires, \u00e0 Korhogo en C\u00f4te d&#8217;Ivoire et \u00e0 Dakar au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal, pour l&#8217;\u00e9tude du champ magn\u00e9tique \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e9quateur, de l&#8217;ionosph\u00e8re et de l&#8217;atmosph\u00e8re \u00e9quatoriales. Ces observatoires permettront d&#8217;ancrer de fa\u00e7on durable la g\u00e9ophysique en Afrique.<\/p>\n<h3>6. Conclusion<\/h3>\n<p>Notre r\u00e9seau qui au d\u00e9but \u00e9tait essentiellement entre l\u2019Europe et l\u2019Afrique est devenu mondial gr\u00e2ce aux projets internationaux tels que IHY (International Heliophysical Year 2005-2009) et ISWI (International Space Weather Initiative 2010-2012). D\u00e9sormais le r\u00e9seau ISWI (http:\/\/www.iswi-secretariat.org) est p\u00e9renne et le GIRGEA en fait partie.<br \/>Les m\u00e9thodes utilis\u00e9es sont celles du partage\u00a0:<br \/>Dons d\u2019instruments dans les pays o\u00f9 ils manquent<br \/>Ecoles de formation dans les pays<br \/>Encadrement de Th\u00e8ses<br \/>Postes pour les \u00e9tudiants dans leurs pays<br \/>D\u00e9veloppement de nouveaux cursus universitaires dans les pays des \u00e9tudiants devenus docteurs.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Qu\u2019est-ce que le Girg\u00e9a ?Groupe de Recherche en G\u00e9ophysique Europe AfriqueLe GIRGEA a pour but de d\u00e9velopper la physique de l\u2019Espace dans les pays en voie de d\u00e9veloppement dans le cadre du projet \u2018United Nations for Basic Space Science Initiative\u2019 . Actuellement le th\u00e8me principal des recherches est la M\u00e9t\u00e9orologie de l\u2019Espace. PROJET AIEE &#8211; [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-21051","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Who are we ? - Girgea<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.girgea.org\/en\/who-are-we\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Who are we ? - Girgea\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Qu\u2019est-ce que le Girg\u00e9a ?Groupe de Recherche en G\u00e9ophysique Europe AfriqueLe GIRGEA a pour but de d\u00e9velopper la physique de l\u2019Espace dans les pays en voie de d\u00e9veloppement dans le cadre du projet \u2018United Nations for Basic Space Science Initiative\u2019 . Actuellement le th\u00e8me principal des recherches est la M\u00e9t\u00e9orologie de l\u2019Espace. PROJET AIEE &#8211; [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.girgea.org\/en\/who-are-we\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Girgea\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-12-04T14:56:54+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.girgea.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/logo-girgea.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"9 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.girgea.org\/en\/who-are-we\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.girgea.org\/en\/who-are-we\/\",\"name\":\"Who are we ? - Girgea\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.girgea.org\/en\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.girgea.org\/en\/who-are-we\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.girgea.org\/en\/who-are-we\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.girgea.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/logo-girgea.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-12-04T14:54:53+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-12-04T14:56:54+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.girgea.org\/en\/who-are-we\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.girgea.org\/en\/who-are-we\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.girgea.org\/en\/who-are-we\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.girgea.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/logo-girgea.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.girgea.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/logo-girgea.png\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.girgea.org\/en\/who-are-we\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Accueil\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.girgea.org\/en\/home\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Who are we ?\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.girgea.org\/en\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.girgea.org\/en\/\",\"name\":\"Girgea\",\"description\":\"Groupe de Recherche en G\u00e9ophysique Europe Afrique Asie Am\u00e9rique\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.girgea.org\/en\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Who are we ? - Girgea","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.girgea.org\/en\/who-are-we\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Who are we ? - Girgea","og_description":"Qu\u2019est-ce que le Girg\u00e9a ?Groupe de Recherche en G\u00e9ophysique Europe AfriqueLe GIRGEA a pour but de d\u00e9velopper la physique de l\u2019Espace dans les pays en voie de d\u00e9veloppement dans le cadre du projet \u2018United Nations for Basic Space Science Initiative\u2019 . Actuellement le th\u00e8me principal des recherches est la M\u00e9t\u00e9orologie de l\u2019Espace. PROJET AIEE &#8211; [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/www.girgea.org\/en\/who-are-we\/","og_site_name":"Girgea","article_modified_time":"2022-12-04T14:56:54+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/www.girgea.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/logo-girgea.png","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"9 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.girgea.org\/en\/who-are-we\/","url":"https:\/\/www.girgea.org\/en\/who-are-we\/","name":"Who are we ? - Girgea","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.girgea.org\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.girgea.org\/en\/who-are-we\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.girgea.org\/en\/who-are-we\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.girgea.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/logo-girgea.png","datePublished":"2022-12-04T14:54:53+00:00","dateModified":"2022-12-04T14:56:54+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.girgea.org\/en\/who-are-we\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.girgea.org\/en\/who-are-we\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.girgea.org\/en\/who-are-we\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.girgea.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/logo-girgea.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.girgea.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/logo-girgea.png"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.girgea.org\/en\/who-are-we\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Accueil","item":"https:\/\/www.girgea.org\/en\/home\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Who are we ?"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.girgea.org\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.girgea.org\/en\/","name":"Girgea","description":"Groupe de Recherche en G\u00e9ophysique Europe Afrique Asie Am\u00e9rique","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.girgea.org\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.girgea.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/21051","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.girgea.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.girgea.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.girgea.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.girgea.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21051"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/www.girgea.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/21051\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21066,"href":"https:\/\/www.girgea.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/21051\/revisions\/21066"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.girgea.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21051"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}